金融期货英文介绍翻译1970

❶ 国际货币体系历史事件英文介绍

The content of the bretton woods system
The establishment of an international monetary fund (IMF), and in the international monetary affairs among member states, together for short-term balance of payments deficit providing credit support; With gold link up $currency and the dollar, member states, execute adjustable fixed exchange rate system; Cancel the current account transactions of foreign exchange control. "The bretton woods system" set up two big international financial institutions that the international monetary fund (IMF) and the World Bank (World somebody). The former is responsible for short-term borrowing funds offered to members, the purpose to ensure the stability of the international monetary system; The latter providing long-term credit to promote members economic recovery. The essence of the bretton woods system with the dollar is the building of a center for international monetary system. Its basic content is dollars with gold link up with, in terms of other currencies are pegged to a fixed exchange rate system.The bretton woods system establishedWhite plan is U.S. Treasury secretary assistant white puts forward "UN trued fund plan", the main content is: international financial 1. Based on fund system. Funds for at least 50 billion dollars, according to regulations by member states share pay. According to the member states of the share of gold how payments of foreign exchange reserves, national income and factors. 2 fund currency against the dollar and gold hooks. The monetary unit of use fund set for "the love-in it" (Unita), each "the love-in it" equals $10 or contain pure gold 137 grain (1 grain = 0.0648 grams of pure gold). 3. Vote share depends on member states pay. The member states of the fund with its pay with voting rights say the fund share proportional. 4. Stable currency. Member states with the money to keep the love-in it "" without fixed rate of exchange," fund "member states three-quarters of voting rights through, member states shall not be devalued currency. 5. Cancel the foreign exchange control, bilateral settlement and complex as discriminatory measures exchange rate. 6 adjust the balance of payments. Provide short-term credit on member states, in order to solve the unfavorable balance of international payments. 7 "fund" agency in the country have most share. White by the American control plan attempt "UN trued fund", through "fund" make member states of the currency "peg" dollars. The plan also based on foreign exchange control and countries to cancel the international capital transfer limit. (2) Keynes plan the bretton woods system Keynes plan is the British Treasury consultant John Maynard Keynes statement of "international settlement alliance plan", the content is mainly: (l) establish "international settlement alliance", equivalent to the world bank. (2) member states central bank in "alliance" to open a current account, countries official foreign debts with transfer through the account to conct liquidation. (3) ShunChaGuo will deposit account, deficit countries surplus according to related provisions share asked "alliance" application overdraft or the deposit. (4) "alliance" account for "class families accounting units Bancor)," (count value in gold. Member states available for "class families" gold, but you can't use a "class families" exchange for gold. (5) currencies with "class families without the approval of the" price "alliance" the board approved may not be changed. (6) member states in "alliance" with pre-war share and three years in import and export trade of 75% to calculate the average amount. (7) "alliance" is headquartered in London and New York, the council meeting in both the UK and the us held two countries take turns. Keith si program is based on the plight of the UK was down, try the role of gold. The plan actually advocate restore multilateral liquidation, cancelled bilateral settlement. Of course, also exposed British attempt to share with the United States international financial leadership intention. (3) the establishment of the bretton woods system arms hold plans and to set up though Keynesian plan international financial institutions, a stable exchange rate, expanding international trade, promote the development of the world economy for the purpose, but both operation is different. Because the British economy, military strength as America, both parties in April 1944 reached an essential reflection on the establishment of "plan white gb monetary fund experts common statement". 1 July 1944 in the U.S. state of New Hampshire, bretton woods has 44 countries representatives held the United Nations monetary and financial meeting (hereinafter referred to as the bretton woods conference). After three weeks of discussions, meeting, signed the agreement of the international monetary fund and the international bank for reconstruction and development agreement), regulates the bretton woods agreement, established in dollar as the center of the international monetary system, namely the bretton woods system.
The breakdown of the bretton woods system reasonsSystem oneself defects.
With the dollar as the center of the international monetary system, is the root cause of collapse the system itself exists not liberation of conflict. In this system, the us dollar as international means of payment and international reserves means, plays a world currency functions. On the one hand, dollar as international means of payment and the international reserve currency stability means $, requirements, will be paid by other countries in international that generally accepted. And the dollar stable, requires not only the United States has enough gold reserves, and requirements of the United States payments must keep surplus, thus make gold increased continuously flow into the United States its gold reserves. Otherwise, people in international payments do not willing to accept dollars. On the other hand, the world will get plenty of foreign exchange reserves, asked the United States international balance of the deficit, but otherwise keep the world faces a shortage of foreign exchange reserves, international circulation channels appeared international means of payment shortage. But with the increase of U.S. deficit, the dollar and gold guarantee $dwindling, and will constantly devaluation. The second world war to $$from flooding the shortage of this paradox, is an inevitable outcome of the development.
United States dollar crisis and economic crisis broke out frequently.
Capitalist world economic interweavement dollar crisis is causing, the breakdown of the bretton woods system directly responsible. (1) the United States gold reserve decrease. The United States launched the Korean war in 1950, overseas military huge increase, the balance of payments in successive years deficit, gold reserve keeps outflow. In 1960, American yellow gold reserves fell to $17.8 billion already enough to offset, was the flow of 210.3 billion dollars of debt, the emergence of a dollar for the first time crisis. In the 1960s, American involvement in the Vietnam war interim payments further deterioration, and gold reserve keeps decreasing. In March 1968, American gold reserves has dropped to $121 million, at the same time foreign short-term debt for 331 billion dollars, sparked a second dollar crisis. To 1971, American gold reserves (102.1 million dollars) is that it only foreign current liabilities (678 million dollars) in 15.05%. At this time the United States has completely lost the bear ability of foreign exchange gold dollar. So, President Nixon in 1971 have announced on August 15, stop bear the obligation of dollars into gold. In 1973, the United States broke out of the worst economic crisis, gold reserves from the postwar already 245.6 billion dollar fell to $11 billion. 'no sufficient gold reserves as the foundation, severely shaken dollars prestige. (2) American inflation. The United States launched QinYue war, the budget deficit huge, had to rely on currency to make up, causing inflation. Plus two oil crisis, oil prices and increase spending; At the same time, because of increased unemployment benefits. Labor proctivity, cause the government spending increased dramatically. U.S. consumer price index for 1.6 percent in 1960, 1970, 1974 5.9% rise to 11% to rise again, this gives us dollar brought huge impact. (3) the United States continued deficit payments. At the end of the second world war, the United States in the war by swell economic strength and other countries weakened by a war to Western Europe, opportunity, sweeping Japan and around the world, and make America's output goods payments continued with huge surplus, other countries large inflow of American gold reserves. Countries generally feel "waste" (selling $Shortage). As western European nations economic growth, export trade expansion, its international revenue generated by the deficit to surplus, the dollar and gold reserves increased. The United States as the external expansion and wars of aggression, by surplus to deficit payments, the U.S. capital outflows, form "of $Gult superfluous" (selling). This makes the dollar exchange rate inherit the huge impact and the pressure, appear constantly widened fluctuations. The collapse of the bretton woods system, is a foundation with gold that the single reserve currency system is not stable: single reserve currency countries in maintaining domestic equilibrium and need for the world, providing liquidity negotiated between the result of its choose will bring economic fluctuation; With gold this a single commodity as the foundation of system of global currency, although has the advantages of short-term stability, but in gold output growth lags behind economic development situation, will eventually for gold itself cannot stable and make monetary system toward chaos and collapse

❷ 求翻译：tick value（金融期货方面）

点值

怎样计算点值
所有的外币组对可以被分成3类，正向报价对(EURUSD, GBPUSD)，反向报价对(USDJPY, USDCHF)和交叉汇率(GBPCHF, EURJPY 等)。

对正向报价的外汇对来说，点值的计算按式子
[pip] = [lot size] × [tick size]
[lot size] - 每手的数量；[tick size] - 跳动点的数量，比如对EURUSD，它是0.0001。对于正向报价的货币来说，每个点的价值是不变的，不依赖于当前的报价。
例：
对于EURUSD，lot size 100000欧元，tick - 0.0001。[pip] = 100000 * 0.0001 = $10.00
对于反向报价的外汇对：
[pip] = [lot size] × [tick size] / [current quote]
[current quote] - 当前的报价。对于反向报价的货币来说，每个点的价值依赖于当前的报价。
例：
对于USDJPY，lot size是100000美元，tick - 0.01。报价为129.20，[pip] = 100000 * 0.01 / 129.20 = $7.74
对于交叉汇率：
[pip] = [lot size] × [tick size] × [base quote] / [current quote]
[base quote] - 基本外汇的当前报价。
例：
对于GBPCHF，lot size是62500英镑，报价为2.3000， 基本外汇报价 GBPUSD 1.4550，点值为 62500 * 0.0001 * 1.4550 / 2.3000 = $3.95.

❸ 关于外汇期货的英语翻译

expiry cycle 期货周期
delivery date 发货日期

外汇期货，又称为货币期货，是一种在最终交易日按照当时的汇率将一种货币兑换成另外一种货币的期货合约。一般来说，两种货币中的一种货币为美元，这种情况下，期货价格将以“x美元每另一货币”的形式表现。一些货币的期货价格的表示形式可能与对应的外汇现货汇率的表示形式不同。

❹ 英文70年代早期怎么说 书上有 in early 1970s 和 in early 1970s ，哪个对不懂的不要说，关系到考试分

要加the，并且是in the early 1970s，其他都不对。
表示某年代的早期、中期和晚期，可以在定冠词后，年代前添加 early，mid-，late ，例如：
in the early 1920's 在二十世纪二十年代早期
in the mid-1950's 在二十世纪五十年代中期

❺ 1970s用英语怎么表达

1970s用英语表达：in the 1970s

年份后加s表示多少世纪多少年代，常用 in the XXXXs 表示，如 in the 1970s，表示二十世纪七十年代。前两位表示世纪，要多一位数，后两位数表示年代，如 in the 1640s，表示 十七世纪四十年代。

年代：用“定冠词+（世纪百位进数+十位年代数）+s”表示

例：在二十世纪三十年代 写作：in the 1930s

读作：in the thirties of the twentieth century或 in the nineteen thirties

(5)金融期货英文介绍翻译1970扩展阅读

英语年代的读法：

1、没有"0"的读法，读成两个十位数

比如：1543，读成“fifteen forty three”

2、只有一个“0”在个位，读成两个十位数

比如：1990，读成“nineteen ninety”

3、只有一个“0”在十位，读成：前面两位当成十位数来读，十位的零读作“Oh”，个位直接读

比如：1908，读成“nineteen Oh eight”

4、只有一个“0”在百位，有两种读法，一种是继续读成两个十位数，另一种是读成“... thousand and ...”

比如：2018可以读成：“twenty eighteen”或者“two thousand and eighteen”

5、两个“0”在结尾，把前面两个数字读成十位数，后面加上hundred

比如：1900 nineteen hundred

6、两个“0”在中间，读成：“... thousand and ...”

比如：2009 two thousand and nine

7、三个“0”结尾，读成：“...thousand”

比如：2000 two thousand

❻ 用英文介绍贝尔法斯特的经济

Economy of Belfast贝尔法斯特的经济
Belfast was initially built on trade through Belfast Harbour. Later, instry contributed to its growth, particularly shipbuilding and linen. At the beginning of the 20th century Belfast was both the largest procer of linen in the world and also boasted the world's largest shipyard. civil unrest crippled the city's instry for many years but with the recent republican and loyalist ceasefires, and the St Andrews Agreement in 2006, the city's economy is thriving once again.
贝尔法斯特最初是建立在贝尔法斯特的港湾。后来,工业对其增长起到了很大的贡献.尤其是船舶和亚麻行业。在20世纪初,贝尔法斯特即是世界上最大的亚麻生产商,又是世界上最大的船舶港口。民事的动荡重创了城市行业很多年,但最近的共和党和亲信停火,和2006圣安德鲁斯协议的签订,这个城市的经济又一次回复了繁荣.

History of the economy 贝尔法斯特经济历史
When the population of Belfast town began to grow in the seventeenth century, its economy was built on commerce.[3] It provided a market for the surrounding countryside and the natural inlet of Belfast Lough gave the city its own port. The port supplied an avenue for trade with the mainland and later Europe and North America. In the mid-seventeenth century, Belfast exported beef, butter, hides, tallow and corn and it imported coal, cloth, wine, brandy, paper, timber and tobacco.[3] Around this time, the linen trade in Northern Ireland blossomed and by the middle of the eighteenth century, one fifth of all the linen exported from Ireland was shipped from Belfast.[3]. The present city however is a proct of the Instrial Revolution.[4] It was not until instry transformed the linen and shipbuilding trades that the economy and the population boomed. By the turn of the nineteenth century, Belfast had transformed into the largest linen procing centre in the world[1], earning the nickname "Linenopolis".
当小镇的人口开始增长在十七世纪的时候,它是建立在经济贸易。它提供了对周围的村庄和天然的进口的市场,根据自己城市的港口.这个港口不仅提供了与中国大陆的贸易,由来又有和欧洲和北美的贸易。在十七世纪中叶,贝尔法斯特出口牛肉、黄油、皮革、牛油、玉米和它进口煤炭、布料、酒、白兰地、造纸、木材、烟草。在这个时候,麻贸易在北爱尔兰蓬勃发展.在18世纪,五分之一的爱尔兰亚麻布从贝尔法斯特出口。现在的城市是一个工业革命的产物。经济和人口得到蓬勃发展是从产业转变成麻、造船行业之后。到在十九世纪,贝尔法斯特已转变成了一个最大的亚麻生产中心,并在在世界上取得了 Linenopolis”的称号。

Belfast harbour was dredged in 1845 to provide deeper berths for larger ships. Donegall Quay was built out into the river as the harbour was developed further and trade flourished.[5] The Harland and Wolff shipbuilding firm was created in 1861 and by the time the Titanic was built in Belfast in 1912, they boasted the largest shipyard in the world.[2]
贝尔法斯特港口在1845年竣工,它提供了一个更大的船舶停泊泊位.Donegall 码头在原有的基础上扩建,其促进了贸易的进一步的发展. 哈兰德和沃尔夫造船公司成立于1861年.在1912年,泰坦尼克在贝尔斯特建造,因此引以为荣的成为了世界上最大的船厂.
The rise of mass-proced and cotton clothing following World War I were some of the factors which led to the decline of Belfast's international linen trade.[1] Like many British cities dependent on traditional heavy instry, Belfast suffered serious decline since the 1960s, exacerbated greatly in the 1970s and 1980s by the civil unrest of The Troubles. More than 100,000 manufacturing jobs have been lost since the 1970s.[6]. For several decades, Northern Ireland's fragile economy required significant public support from the British exchequer of up to GB£4 billion per year.[6] Ongoing sectarian violence made it difficult for Belfast to compete with Ireland's Celtic Tiger economy, with Dublin procing some 70bn Euro GDP annually.
一次世界大战对于大量棉麻衣服的上升等因素导致了贝尔法斯特国际棉麻贸易的减少.像大多数英国城市一样,由于依靠贸易工业的影响,贝尔发斯特从1960年后遭受了严重的重创,并且加重了北爱尔兰的民族冲突.从1970年后,超过10万人在生产工业失业. 几十年来,北爱尔兰的脆弱的经济需要从英国财政部下划约每年 40亿英镑的支助。

Current economy 现在经济
However, the IRA Ceasefire in 1995 and the signing of the Good Friday Agreement in 1998 have given investors increased confidence to invest in Belfast. This has led to a period of sustained economic growth and large-scale redevelopment of the city centre. New developments include Victoria Square, the Cathedral Quarter, and the Laganside with the new Odyssey complex and the landmark Waterfront Hall.
在1995,英格兰共和军停火和1998年签署的贝尔法斯特和平协议增加了投资者对贝尔法斯特投资的信心.这些因素导致了贝尔法斯特城市大规模且持续的发展.这些新的发展包括维多利亚广场,兰更晒特大教堂与新奥德赛那些复杂而又具有里程碑意义的海滨大厅。
Two other major developments will see the regeneration of the Titanic Quarter, and the erection the Obel Tower, a skyscraper set to be the tallest tower on the island until eclipsed by the U2 Tower in Dublin.[7] In 2007, Belfast's launched its vision for a World Trade Centre (currently a 'virtual' centre but with plans to become a physical building) which aims to promote the city to the international business market.
另外两个主要的发展会看到再生的泰坦尼克地区的重建,和ObeL塔的安装,一座摩天大楼是最高的大厦在岛上的U2塔直到黯然失色。在都柏林,2007年贝尔法斯特的推出了世界贸易中心旨在促进城市的国际商业市场.
Today, Belfast is Northern Ireland's ecational and commercial hub. It is now in the top five fastest growing regional economies in the UK. In February 2006, Belfast's unemployment rate stood at 4.2%, lower than both the Northern Ireland and the UK average of 5.5%. Over the past 10 years employment has grown by 16.4 per cent, compared with 9.2 per cent for the UK as a whole.
今天,贝尔法斯特为北爱尔兰的教育和商业中心。是英国排在前五名的区域经济增长最快的城市。在2006年2月,贝尔法斯特的失业率为4.2%,低于北爱尔兰和英国的5.5%的失业率.在过去10年,就业率增长了16.4%,而英国总体的就业率仅为9.2%.
Northern Ireland's peace dividend has also led to soaring property prices in the city. In 2006, Belfast saw house prices grow by 43%, the fastest rate of growth in the UK. In March 2007, the average house in Belfast cost GB£191,819, with the average in South Belfast being GB£241,000. In 2004, Belfast had the lowest owner occupation rate in Northern Ireland at 54%.
北爱尔兰和平红利还导致在这座城市里房地长的飙升。在2006年,贝尔法斯特房价增长了43%,是英国最快的增长率。在2007年3月,平均花费在贝尔法斯特为191,819英镑,南部贝尔法斯特的平均花费为241,000英镑。在2004年,贝尔法斯特在北爱尔兰有着最低的职业失业率.

❼ 高分求金融期货相关的翻译啊

EMIR根据体积的非对冲衍生品交易识别两大类的非金融交易对手（计算基于总名义值的位置），分局他们是否超过阈值的EMIR结算商品是30亿，而需要注意的是,你的容积资金对清算阈值必须聚合所有全球的“国家食品消费调查”的活动在同一系数值内。
（1）当“NFC +”或“高于阈值”超过阈值在任何非套期保值衍生物类,您必须立即通知埃斯玛和你的主管机关。因此,你应该规定给您所有的NFC +衍生品合约中的任何种类。
（2）“NFC——”或“低于阈值的“监管机构已经定义了一个清算阈值的每个类衍生物和你的分类取决于这些阈值。如果你不超过阈值在任何非套期保值类衍生品,则是分类NFC。

❽ 求关于金融工具的英文介绍

金融工具类型

长期债(一年以上): 证券类(securities)=债券(bonds)
其他现金类=贷款(loans)
交易所交易的金融衍生品类=债券期货（bonds futures）
债券期货选择权（option on bonds futures）
柜台金融衍生品类=Interest rate swap
Interest rate cap and floors
Interest rate option
Exotic instrument

短期债(一年以下): 证券类(securities)=钞票(bills,CommercialPaper)
其他现金类=存款, 定存（CD)
交易所交易的金融衍生品类=短期利率期货（short term interest rate Futures)
柜台金融衍生品类=Forward rate agreement

所有权（equity）: 证券类(securities)=股票(stock)
其他现金类=无
交易所交易的金融衍生品类=股票选择权（stock option）
期货(equity futures)
柜台金融衍生品类=Stock options
Exotic instruments

外汇交易: 证券类(securities)=无
其他现金类=无
交易所交易的金融衍生品类=Spot foreign exchange
外汇期货Currency futures
柜台金融衍生品类=Foreign exchange options
Outright forward
Foreign exchange swap
Currency swap

❾ 翻译一段金融类文字，中译英

Finance derive from the implement is a world hot spot topic of conversation that financial market and finance enterprise show solicitude for currently commonly at home and abroad. 1970's, happens with the fact that the Bretton Woods system disassembly composes in reply a world oil crisis's, macro-economy environment change , origin using banking institution manage the pattern and business kind lose a marketplace , have created the new business developing the chance and gigantic space for development for them at the same time. Finance derive from the implement has relieved self in this marketplace coming into being under avoiding meeting dangerous need. Now, finance derive from the implement already develops maturity in capital financial market , therefore, the finance implement how to draw the developed market economics country studies and carries out exploration achievement, have very important significance right away.
题目翻译如下
"The tray talks about a finance derive from development of implement and risk administration "。

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