1. 人民幣匯率變動對中國紡織品出口影響及對策文獻綜述怎麼寫
你的人民幣匯率變動對中國紡織品出口影響及對策文獻綜述具體准備往哪個方向寫，題目老師同意了沒，具體有要求要求，需要多少字呢？
你可以告訴我具體的排版格式要求，文獻綜述想寫好，先要在圖書館找好相關資料，確定好題目與寫作方向。老師同意後在下筆，還有什麼不了解的可以直接問我，希望可以幫到你，祝寫作過程順利。
如何做文獻綜述
首先需要將「文獻綜述（ Literature Review) 」與「背景描述 (Background Description) 」區分開來。我們在選擇研究問題的時候，需要了解該問題產生的背景和來龍去脈，如「中國半導體產業的發展歷程」、「國外政府發展半導體產業的政策和問題」等等，這些內容屬於「背景描述」，關注的是現實層面的問題，嚴格講不是「文獻綜述」。「文獻綜述」是對學術觀點和理論方法的整理。其次，文獻綜述是評論性的（ Review 就是「評論」的意思），因此要帶著作者本人批判的眼光 (critical thinking) 來歸納和評論文獻，而不僅僅是相關領域學術研究的「堆砌」。評論的主線，要按照問題展開，也就是說，別的學者是如何看待和解決你提出的問題的，他們的方法和理論是否有什麼缺陷？要是別的學者已經很完美地解決了你提出的問題，那就沒有重復研究的必要了。
清楚了文獻綜述的意涵，現在說說怎麼做文獻綜述。雖說，盡可能廣泛地收集資料是負責任的研究態度，但如果缺乏標准，就極易將人引入文獻的泥沼。
技巧一：瞄準主流。主流文獻，如該領域的核心期刊、經典著作、專職部門的研究報告、重要化合物的觀點和論述等，是做文獻綜述的「必修課」。而多數大眾媒體上的相關報道或言論，雖然多少有點價值，但時間精力所限，可以從簡。怎樣摸清該領域的主流呢？建議從以下幾條途徑入手：一是圖書館的中外學術期刊，找到一兩篇「經典」的文章後「順藤摸瓜」，留意它們的參考文獻。質量較高的學術文章，通常是不會忽略該領域的主流、經典文獻的。二是利用學校圖書館的「中國期刊網」、「外文期刊資料庫檢索」和外文過刊閱覽室，能夠查到一些較為早期的經典文獻。三是國家圖書館，有些上世紀七八十年代甚至更早出版的社科圖書，學校圖書館往往沒有收藏，但是國圖卻是一本不少（國內出版的所有圖書都要送繳國家圖書館），不僅如此，國圖還收藏了很多研究中國政治和政府的外文書籍，從互聯網上可以輕松查詢到。
技巧二：隨時整理，如對文獻進行分類，記錄文獻信息和藏書地點。做博士論文的時間很長，有的文獻看過了當時不一定有用，事後想起來卻找不著了，所以有時記錄是很有必要的。羅僕人就積累有一份研究中國政策過程的書單，還特別記錄了圖書分類號碼和藏書地點。同時，對於特別重要的文獻，不妨做一個讀書筆記，摘錄其中的重要觀點和論述。這樣一步一個腳印，到真正開始寫論文時就積累了大量「干貨」，可以隨時享用。
技巧三：要按照問題來組織文獻綜述。看過一些文獻以後，我們有很強烈的願望要把自己看到的東西都陳述出來，像「竹筒倒豆子」一樣，洋洋灑灑，蔚為壯觀。彷彿一定要向讀者證明自己勞苦功高。我寫過十多萬字的文獻綜述，後來發覺真正有意義的不過數千字。文獻綜述就像是在文獻的叢林中開辟道路，這條道路本來就是要指向我們所要解決的問題，當然是直線距離最短、最省事，但是一路上風景頗多，迷戀風景的人便往往繞行於迤邐的叢林中，反面「亂花漸欲迷人眼」，「曲徑通幽」不知所終了。因此，在做文獻綜述時，頭腦時刻要清醒：我要解決什麼問題，人家是怎麼解決問題的，說的有沒有道理，就行了。
你的午間新聞方面方面文獻綜述具體准備往哪個方向寫，題目老師同意了沒，具體有要求要求，需要多少字呢？
你可以告訴我具體的排版格式要求，文獻綜述想寫好，先要在圖書館找好相關資料，確定好題目與寫作方向。老師同意後在下筆，還有什麼不了解的可以直接問我，希望可以幫到你，祝寫作過程順利。
三、如何撰寫開題報告
問題清楚了，文獻綜述也做過了，開題報告便呼之欲出。事實也是如此，一個清晰的問題，往往已經隱含著論文的基本結論；對現有文獻的缺點的評論，也基本暗含著改進的方向。開題報告就是要把這些暗含的結論、論證結論的邏輯推理，清楚地展現出來。
寫開題報告的目的，是要請老師和專家幫我們判斷一下：這個問題有沒有研究價值、這個研究方法有沒有可能奏效、這個論證邏輯有沒有明顯缺陷。因此，開題報告的主要內容，就要按照「研究目的和意義」、「文獻綜述和理論空間」、「基本論點和研究方法」、「資料收集方法和工作步驟」這樣幾個方面展開。其中，「基本論點和研究方法」是重點，許多人往往花費大量筆墨鋪陳文獻綜述，但一談到自己的研究方法時但寥寥數語、一掠而過。這樣的話，評審老師怎麼能判斷出你的研究前景呢？又怎麼能對你的研究方法給予切實的指導和建議呢？
對於不同的選題，研究方法有很大的差異。一個嚴謹規范的學術研究，必須以嚴謹規范的方法為支撐。在博士生課程的日常教學中，有些老師致力於傳授研究方法；有的則突出討論方法論的問題。這都有利於我們每一個人提高自己對研究方法的認識、理解、選擇與應用，並具體實施於自己的論文工作中。
一、文獻綜述概述
文獻綜述是研究者在其提前閱讀過某一主題的文獻後，經過理解、整理、融會貫通，綜合分析和評價而組成的一種不同於研究論文的文體。綜述的目的是反映某一課題的新水平、新動態、新技術和新發現。從其歷史到現狀，存在問題以及發展趨勢等，都要進行全面的介紹和評論。在此基礎上提出自己的見解，預測技術的發展趨勢，為選題和開題奠定良好的基礎。
二、文獻綜述的格式
文獻綜述的格式與一般研究性論文的格式有所不同。這是因為研究性的論文注重研究的方法和結果，而文獻綜述介紹與主題有關的詳細資料、動態、進展、展望以及對以上方面的評述。因此文獻綜述的格式相對多樣，但總的來說，一般都包含以下四部分：即前言、主題、總結和參考文獻。撰寫文獻綜述時可按這四部分擬寫提綱，再根據提綱進行撰寫工作。
前言部分，主要是說明寫作的目的，介紹有關的概念及定義以及綜述的范圍，扼要說明有關主題的現狀或爭論焦點，使讀者對全文要敘述的問題有一個初步的輪廓。
主題部分，是綜述的主體，其寫法多樣，沒有固定的格式。可按年代順序綜述，也可按不同的問題進行綜述，還可按不同的觀點進行比較綜述，不管用那一種格式綜述，都要將所搜集到的文獻資料歸納、整理及分析比較，闡明有關主題的歷史背景、現狀和發展方向，以及對這些問題的評述，主題部分應特別注意代表性強、具有科學性和創造性的文獻引用和評述。
總結部分，與研究性論文的小結有些類似，將全文主題進行扼要總結，提出自己的見解並對進一步的發展方向做出預測。
三、文獻綜述規定
1. 為了使選題報告有較充分的依據，要求碩士研究生在論文開題之前作文獻綜述。
2. 在文獻綜述時，研究生應系統地查閱與自己的研究方向有關的國內外文獻。通常閱讀文獻不少於30篇
3. 在文獻綜述中，研究生應說明自己研究方向的發展歷史，前人的主要研究成果，存在的問題及發展趨勢等。
4. 文獻綜述要條理清晰，文字通順簡練。
5. 資料運用恰當、合理。文獻引用用方括弧"[ ]"括起來置於引用詞的右上角。
6. 文獻綜述中要有自己的觀點和見解。鼓勵研究生多發現問題、多提出問題、並指出分析、解決問題的可能途徑。
2. 誰能幫忙找「人民幣匯率變動對我國外貿型企業的影響分析」的外文文獻，用來做外文翻譯的
已發送，請查收，不知道是否滿足你的需要，希望能幫到你，多多給點懸賞分吧，急用的話請多選賞點分吧，這樣更多的知友才會及時幫到你，我找到也是很花時間的
3. 求關於人民幣匯率變動帶來的影響，外文文獻，要英文原文和中文譯文
去萬方找找看
4. 匯率方面的英文參考文獻 最少來3個 謝謝 ！~！！！
Exchange rate
In finance, the exchange rates (also known as the foreign-exchange rate, forex rate or FX rate) between two currencies specifies how much one currency is worth in terms of the other. For example an exchange rate of 102 Japanese yen (JPY, ¥) to the United States dollar (USD, $) means that JPY 102 is worth the same as USD 1. The foreign exchange market is one of the largest markets in the world. By some estimates, about 2 trillion USD worth of currency changes hands every day.
The spot exchange rate refers to the current exchange rate. The forward exchange rate refers to an exchange rate that is quoted and traded today but for delivery and payment on a specific future date.
Quotations
An exchange rate quotation is given by stating the number of units of "term currency" or "price currency" that can be bought in terms of 1 unit currency (also called base currency). For example, in a quotation that says the EURUSD exchange rate is 1.3 (1.3 USD per EUR), the term currency is USD and the base currency is EUR.
There is a market convention that determines which is the base currency and which is the term currency. In most parts of the world, the order is:
EUR - GBP - AUD - USD - *** (where *** is any other currency).
Thus if you are doing a conversion from EUR into AUD, EUR is the base currency, AUD is the term currency and the exchange rate tells you how many Australian dollars you would pay or receive for 1 euro. Cyprus and Malta which were quoted as the base to the USD and *** were recently removed from this list when they joined the euro. In some areas of Europe and in the non-professional market in the UK, EUR and GBP are reversed so that GBP is quoted as the base currency to the euro. In order to determine which is the base currency where both currencies are not listed (i.e. both are ***), market convention is to use the base currency which gives an exchange rate greater than 1.000. This avoids rounding issues and exchange rates being quoted to more than 4 decimal places. There are some exceptions to this rule e.g. the Japanese often quote their currency as the base to other currencies.
Quotes using a country's home currency as the price currency (e.g., EUR 1.00 = $1.45 in the US) are known as direct quotation or price quotation (from that country's perspective) ([1]) and are used by most countries.
Quotes using a country's home currency as the unit currency (e.g., £0.4762 = $1.00 in the US) are known as indirect quotation or quantity quotation and are used in British newspapers and are also common in Australia, New Zealand and the eurozone.
direct quotation: 1 foreign currency unit = x home currency units
indirect quotation: 1 home currency unit = x foreign currency units
Note that, using direct quotation, if the home currency is strengthening (i.e., appreciating, or becoming more valuable) then the exchange rate number decreases. Conversely if the foreign currency is strengthening, the exchange rate number increases and the home currency is depreciating.
When looking at a currency pair such as EURUSD, the first component (EUR in this case) will be called the base currency. The second is called the term currency. For example : EURUSD = 1.33866, means EUR is the base and USD the term, so 1 EUR = 1.33866 USD.
Currency pairs are often incorrectly quoted with a "/" (forward slash). In fact if the slash is inserted, the order of the currencies should be reversed. This gives the exchange rate. e.g. if EUR1 is worth USD1.35, euro is the base currency and dollar is the term currency so the exchange rate is stated EURUSD or USD/EUR. To get the exchange rate divide the USD amount by the euro amount e.g. 1.35/1.00 = 1.35
Market convention from the early 1980s to 2006 was that most currency pairs were quoted to 4 decimal places for spot transactions and up to 6 decimal places for forward outrights or swaps. (The fourth decimal place is usually referred to as a "pip.") An exception to this was exchange rates with a value of less than 1.000 which were usually quoted to 5 or 6 decimal places. Although there is no fixed rule, exchange rates with a value greater than around 20 were usually quoted to 3 decimal places and currencies with a value greater than 80 were quoted to 2 decimal places. Currencies over 5000 were usually quoted with no decimal places (e.g. the former Turkish Lira). e.g. (GBPOMR : 0.765432 - EURUSD : 1.3386 - GBPBEF : 58.234 - EURJPY : 165.29). In other words, quotes are given with 5 digits. Where rates are below 1, quotes frequently include 5 decimal places.
In 2006 Barclays Capital broke with convention by offering spot exchange rates with 5 or 6 decimal places. The contraction of spreads (the difference between the bid and offer rates) arguably necessitated finer pricing and gave the banks the ability to try and win transaction on multibank trading platforms where all banks may otherwise have been quoting the same price. A number of other banks have now followed this.
Free or pegged
Main article: Exchange rate regime
If a currency is free-floating, its exchange rate is allowed to vary against that of other currencies and is determined by the market forces of supply and demand. Exchange rates for such currencies are likely to change almost constantly as quoted on financial markets, mainly by banks, around the world. A movable or adjustable peg system is a system of fixed exchange rates, but with a provision for the devaluation of a currency. For example, between 1994 and 2005, the Chinese yuan renminbi (RMB) was pegged to the United States dollar at RMB 8.2768 to $1. China was not the only country to do this; from the end of World War II until 1966, Western European countries all maintained fixed exchange rates with the US dollar based on the Bretton Woods system. [2]
Nominal and real exchange rates
The nominal exchange rate e is the price in domestic currency of one unit of a foreign currency.
The real exchange rate (RER) is defined as , where P is the domestic price level and P * the foreign price level. P and P * must have the same arbitrary value in some chosen base year. Hence in the base year, RER = e.
The RER is only a theoretical ideal. In practice, there are many foreign currencies and price level values to take into consideration. Correspondingly, the model calculations become increasingly more complex. Furthermore, the model is based on purchasing power parity (PPP), which implies a constant RER. The empirical determination of a constant RER value could never be realised, e to limitations on data collection. PPP would imply that the RER is the rate at which an organization can trade goods and services of one economy (e.g. country) for those of another. For example, if the price of a good increases 10% in the UK, and the Japanese currency simultaneously appreciates 10% against the UK currency, then the price of the good remains constant for someone in Japan. The people in the UK, however, would still have to deal with the 10% increase in domestic prices. It is also worth mentioning that government-enacted tariffs can affect the actual rate of exchange, helping to rece price pressures. PPP appears to hold only in the long term (3–5 years) when prices eventually correct towards parity.
More recent approaches in modelling the RER employ a set of macroeconomic variables, such as relative proctivity and the real interest rate differential.
Bilateral vs effective exchange rate
Bilateral exchange rate involves a currency pair, while effective exchange rate is weighted average of a basket of foreign currencies, and it can be viewed as an overall measure of the country's external competitiveness. A nominal effective exchange rate (NEER) is weighted with trade weights. a real effective exchange rate (REER) adjust NEER by appropriate foreign price level and deflates by the home country price level. Compared to NEER, a GDP weighted effective exchange rate might be more appropriate considering the global investment phenomenon.
Uncovered interest rate parity
See also: Interest rate parity#Uncovered interest rate parity
Uncovered interest rate parity (UIRP) states that an appreciation or depreciation of one currency against another currency might be neutralized by a change in the interest rate differential. If US interest rates exceed Japanese interest rates then the US dollar should depreciate against the Japanese yen by an amount that prevents arbitrage. The future exchange rate is reflected into the forward exchange rate stated today. In our example, the forward exchange rate of the dollar is said to be at a discount because it buys fewer Japanese yen in the forward rate than it does in the spot rate. The yen is said to be at a premium.
UIRP showed no proof of working after 1990s. Contrary to the theory, currencies with high interest rates characteristically appreciated rather than depreciated on the reward of the containment of inflation and a higher-yielding currency.
Balance of payments model
This model holds that a foreign exchange rate must be at its equilibrium level - the rate which proces a stable current account balance. A nation with a trade deficit will experience rection in its foreign exchange reserves which ultimately lowers (depreciates) the value of its currency. The cheaper currency renders the nation's goods (exports) more affordable in the global market place while making imports more expensive. After an intermediate period, imports are forced down and exports rise, thus stabilizing the trade balance and the currency towards equilibrium.
Like PPP, the balance of payments model focuses largely on tradable goods and services, ignoring the increasing role of global capital flows. In other words, money is not only chasing goods and services, but to a larger extent, financial assets such as stocks and bonds. Their flows go into the capital account item of the balance of payments, thus, balancing the deficit in the current account. The increase in capital flows has given rise to the asset market model.
Asset market model
See also: Capital asset pricing model
The explosion in trading of financial assets (stocks and bonds) has reshaped the way analysts and traders look at currencies. Economic variables such as economic growth, inflation and proctivity are no longer the only drivers of currency movements. The proportion of foreign exchange transactions stemming from cross border-trading of financial assets has dwarfed the extent of currency transactions generated from trading in goods and services.
The asset market approach views currencies as asset prices traded in an efficient financial market. Consequently, currencies are increasingly demonstrating a strong correlation with other markets, particularly equities.
Like the stock exchange, money can be made or lost on the foreign exchange market by investors and speculators buying and selling at the right times. Currencies can be traded at spot and foreign exchange options markets. The spot market represents current exchange rates, whereas options are derivatives of exchange rates.
Fluctuations in exchange rates
A market based exchange rate will change whenever the values of either of the two component currencies change. A currency will tend to become more valuable whenever demand for it is greater than the available supply. It will become less valuable whenever demand is less than available supply (this does not mean people no longer want money, it just means they prefer holding their wealth in some other form, possibly another currency).
Increased demand for a currency is e to either an increased transaction demand for money, or an increased speculative demand for money. The transaction demand for money is highly correlated to the country's level of business activity, gross domestic proct (GDP), and employment levels. The more people there are unemployed, the less the public as a whole will spend on goods and services. Central banks typically have little difficulty adjusting the available money supply to accommodate changes in the demand for money e to business transactions.
The speculative demand for money is much harder for a central bank to accommodate but they try to do this by adjusting interest rates. An investor may choose to buy a currency if the return (that is the interest rate) is high enough. The higher a country's interest rates, the greater the demand for that currency. It has been argued that currency speculation can undermine real economic growth, in particular since large currency speculators may deliberately create downward pressure on a currency in order to force that central bank to sell their currency to keep it stable (once this happens, the speculator can buy the currency back from the bank at a lower price, close out their position, and thereby take a profit).
In choosing what type of asset to is officially pegged, synthetic markets have emerged that can behave as if the yuan were floating).
匯率
在經濟學上，匯率定義為兩國貨幣之間兌換的比例。通常會將某一國的貨幣設為基準，以此換算金額價值他國幾元的貨幣。在英文使用方面，有時簡寫為FX，此為外國貨幣Foreign Exchange的簡寫。
通俗的說，是一國貨幣單位兌換他國貨幣單位的比率，也可以說是用一國貨幣表示的另一國貨幣的價格。
匯率的特性在於它多半是浮動的比率。只要貨幣能夠透過匯率自由交換，依交換量的多寡，就會影響隔天的匯率，因此，有人也以賺匯差營利，今日以較低的比率購進某一外幣，隔日等到較高的比率出現時，再轉手賣出。
所以有時匯率也能看出一個國家的經濟狀況。了解外匯也能看出這個國家的出口貿易狀況。
交叉匯率
所謂交叉匯率是指兩種不同貨幣之間的價格關系，兩個國家之間的貨幣匯兌是利用各自對美元的匯率套算得出。
舉例來看，若一美元可分別兌換0.8112歐元、109.28日圓，則歐元兌日圓的交叉匯率為134.71（= 109.28/0.8112）。
5. 求助英語論文 人民幣升值對外貿發展的影響
China has implemented the new round since July 21, 2005 Renminbi to collect the system reform, the Renminbi has been at the revaluation the condition, the Renminbi exchanges US dollar accumulation revaluation already to approach 7%. After RMB rate revaluation, has each kind of influence to our country's national economy, the foreign trade economy is not exceptional, China since the reform and open policy, the foreign trade has maintained the fast growth, will successive years be maintaining the trade surplus, the Renminbi revaluation has a series of influences to our country foreign trade import's and export's total amount and the structure. This article based on our country present actual economic condition, has analyzed the Renminbi revaluation pressure, the importance and the anticipated economic impact, the Renminbi at the import-export trade, the finance monetary policy domain the income which and the risk brings to our country, brings the challenge for the Foreign trade enterprise and so on, has discussed the Renminbi strong trend time revaluation question and the solution malpractice's plan. In the current revaluation has become the fact under the background, our country should take the corresponding following measure positively, stabilizes with the optimized economic environment, maximum limit reces possibly the loss which (exchange rate change) occurs because of the economical fluctuation, at the right moment adjusts the exchange rate system to deal with the opportunity which and the challenge the Renminbi revaluation brings.
6. 求一篇人民幣升值對我國進出口的影響英文文獻！！！急用！！！
外文查找，下載和翻譯服務
需要可以找我吧
7. 關於人民幣匯率變動帶來的影響，外文文獻，要英文原文和中文譯文，2篇，盡快，謝謝
5月25日，第二輪中美戰略與經濟對話在北京閉幕，在這個對話中，人民幣升值預期退後，那麼人民幣升值對中國的經濟有什麼影響呢？
人民幣升值問題確實是一個復雜而現實的問題，是一把雙刃劍。只有審時度勢，把握好利弊，才能有理有力有節地從容應對。
人民幣匯率升值給我國經濟增長造成的負面影響不容忽視。
第一，抑制出口增長，人民幣匯率升值將對我國出口企業特別是勞動密集型企業造成沖擊。第二，將導致外債規模進一步擴大。第三，不利於我國引進境外直接投資。第四，影響金融市場的穩定。第五，巨額外匯儲備將面臨縮水的威脅。第六，增加就業壓力。在當前我國就業形勢極其嚴峻的情況下，人民幣匯率升值將可能惡化就業形勢。
但同時人民幣升值也給我們帶來許多有利的方面。一是人民幣匯率升值，將會降低進口成本，從而使得進口量增加；二是有利於改善吸引外資的環境，人民幣匯率升值，可使已在華投資的外資企業的利潤增加，從而增強投資者的信心，促使其進一步追加投資或進行再投資。三是有利於減輕外債還本付息壓力。
權衡利弊來看、人民幣匯率還是不宜升值
對於目前的國際貨幣體系現狀，《環球財經》總編輯、中國人民大學國際貨幣研究所副所長向松祚先生用三句話概括國際貨幣體系的現狀：美元依然主導、歐元面臨挑戰、人心嚮往多元。
此次由美國次貸危機衍生而來的國際金融危機，暴露了國際貨幣體系的一系列缺陷：
一、現行國際貨幣體系與國際金融合作機制，嚴重滯後於經濟全球化和金融一體化的過程二、國際貨幣體系中缺少信息預警體系；三、對衍生金融工具市場疏於監管；四、IMF鼓勵推行金融自由化與資本市場開放政策，新興市場國家不適當地加速這一進程；五、IMF行動遲緩，提供資金的能力有限，貽誤將金融危機消滅於初期階段的有利時機
目前國際貨幣體系存在諸多的問題，那麼它未來的改革趨勢將是怎麼樣的呢？我們可以從三個視角看未來的國際貨幣體系改革。（一）從國際儲備貨幣視角看未來的國際貨幣體系改革。1.重新修復以美元為主導的國際儲備體系，但是，這種格局並沒有改變此次金融危機中所呈現出來的一系列國際貨幣體系的缺陷。 2.美元逐步失去中心地位，國際儲備貨幣多元化 3.創造一種新的超主權國際儲備貨幣（二）從國際收支不平衡的調整機制看未來國際貨幣體系安排 1.全球儲蓄率結構「再平衡」2.新興市場經濟發展模式「再平衡」（三）從國際資金流動與全球治理看未來國際貨幣體系安排已經高度全球化的金融市場，客觀上需要一個更能夠同時體現發達國家和發展中國家利益、更公平、更合理的治理結構。
8. 人民幣匯率對外貿影響的外文文獻（論文用）
免費文獻直接到OA圖書館下載吧。
翻譯一般得自己了。
9. 英文翻譯：淺談人民幣匯率波動對我國經濟的影響
Talking simply about the influence on Chinese economy caused by the fluctuations of the RMB exchange rate