金融期貨英文介紹翻譯1970

❶ 國際貨幣體系歷史事件英文介紹

The content of the bretton woods system
The establishment of an international monetary fund (IMF), and in the international monetary affairs among member states, together for short-term balance of payments deficit providing credit support; With gold link up $currency and the dollar, member states, execute adjustable fixed exchange rate system; Cancel the current account transactions of foreign exchange control. "The bretton woods system" set up two big international financial institutions that the international monetary fund (IMF) and the World Bank (World somebody). The former is responsible for short-term borrowing funds offered to members, the purpose to ensure the stability of the international monetary system; The latter providing long-term credit to promote members economic recovery. The essence of the bretton woods system with the dollar is the building of a center for international monetary system. Its basic content is dollars with gold link up with, in terms of other currencies are pegged to a fixed exchange rate system.The bretton woods system establishedWhite plan is U.S. Treasury secretary assistant white puts forward "UN trued fund plan", the main content is: international financial 1. Based on fund system. Funds for at least 50 billion dollars, according to regulations by member states share pay. According to the member states of the share of gold how payments of foreign exchange reserves, national income and factors. 2 fund currency against the dollar and gold hooks. The monetary unit of use fund set for "the love-in it" (Unita), each "the love-in it" equals $10 or contain pure gold 137 grain (1 grain = 0.0648 grams of pure gold). 3. Vote share depends on member states pay. The member states of the fund with its pay with voting rights say the fund share proportional. 4. Stable currency. Member states with the money to keep the love-in it "" without fixed rate of exchange," fund "member states three-quarters of voting rights through, member states shall not be devalued currency. 5. Cancel the foreign exchange control, bilateral settlement and complex as discriminatory measures exchange rate. 6 adjust the balance of payments. Provide short-term credit on member states, in order to solve the unfavorable balance of international payments. 7 "fund" agency in the country have most share. White by the American control plan attempt "UN trued fund", through "fund" make member states of the currency "peg" dollars. The plan also based on foreign exchange control and countries to cancel the international capital transfer limit. (2) Keynes plan the bretton woods system Keynes plan is the British Treasury consultant John Maynard Keynes statement of "international settlement alliance plan", the content is mainly: (l) establish "international settlement alliance", equivalent to the world bank. (2) member states central bank in "alliance" to open a current account, countries official foreign debts with transfer through the account to conct liquidation. (3) ShunChaGuo will deposit account, deficit countries surplus according to related provisions share asked "alliance" application overdraft or the deposit. (4) "alliance" account for "class families accounting units Bancor)," (count value in gold. Member states available for "class families" gold, but you can't use a "class families" exchange for gold. (5) currencies with "class families without the approval of the" price "alliance" the board approved may not be changed. (6) member states in "alliance" with pre-war share and three years in import and export trade of 75% to calculate the average amount. (7) "alliance" is headquartered in London and New York, the council meeting in both the UK and the us held two countries take turns. Keith si program is based on the plight of the UK was down, try the role of gold. The plan actually advocate restore multilateral liquidation, cancelled bilateral settlement. Of course, also exposed British attempt to share with the United States international financial leadership intention. (3) the establishment of the bretton woods system arms hold plans and to set up though Keynesian plan international financial institutions, a stable exchange rate, expanding international trade, promote the development of the world economy for the purpose, but both operation is different. Because the British economy, military strength as America, both parties in April 1944 reached an essential reflection on the establishment of "plan white gb monetary fund experts common statement". 1 July 1944 in the U.S. state of New Hampshire, bretton woods has 44 countries representatives held the United Nations monetary and financial meeting (hereinafter referred to as the bretton woods conference). After three weeks of discussions, meeting, signed the agreement of the international monetary fund and the international bank for reconstruction and development agreement), regulates the bretton woods agreement, established in dollar as the center of the international monetary system, namely the bretton woods system.
The breakdown of the bretton woods system reasonsSystem oneself defects.
With the dollar as the center of the international monetary system, is the root cause of collapse the system itself exists not liberation of conflict. In this system, the us dollar as international means of payment and international reserves means, plays a world currency functions. On the one hand, dollar as international means of payment and the international reserve currency stability means $, requirements, will be paid by other countries in international that generally accepted. And the dollar stable, requires not only the United States has enough gold reserves, and requirements of the United States payments must keep surplus, thus make gold increased continuously flow into the United States its gold reserves. Otherwise, people in international payments do not willing to accept dollars. On the other hand, the world will get plenty of foreign exchange reserves, asked the United States international balance of the deficit, but otherwise keep the world faces a shortage of foreign exchange reserves, international circulation channels appeared international means of payment shortage. But with the increase of U.S. deficit, the dollar and gold guarantee $dwindling, and will constantly devaluation. The second world war to $$from flooding the shortage of this paradox, is an inevitable outcome of the development.
United States dollar crisis and economic crisis broke out frequently.
Capitalist world economic interweavement dollar crisis is causing, the breakdown of the bretton woods system directly responsible. (1) the United States gold reserve decrease. The United States launched the Korean war in 1950, overseas military huge increase, the balance of payments in successive years deficit, gold reserve keeps outflow. In 1960, American yellow gold reserves fell to $17.8 billion already enough to offset, was the flow of 210.3 billion dollars of debt, the emergence of a dollar for the first time crisis. In the 1960s, American involvement in the Vietnam war interim payments further deterioration, and gold reserve keeps decreasing. In March 1968, American gold reserves has dropped to $121 million, at the same time foreign short-term debt for 331 billion dollars, sparked a second dollar crisis. To 1971, American gold reserves (102.1 million dollars) is that it only foreign current liabilities (678 million dollars) in 15.05%. At this time the United States has completely lost the bear ability of foreign exchange gold dollar. So, President Nixon in 1971 have announced on August 15, stop bear the obligation of dollars into gold. In 1973, the United States broke out of the worst economic crisis, gold reserves from the postwar already 245.6 billion dollar fell to $11 billion. 'no sufficient gold reserves as the foundation, severely shaken dollars prestige. (2) American inflation. The United States launched QinYue war, the budget deficit huge, had to rely on currency to make up, causing inflation. Plus two oil crisis, oil prices and increase spending; At the same time, because of increased unemployment benefits. Labor proctivity, cause the government spending increased dramatically. U.S. consumer price index for 1.6 percent in 1960, 1970, 1974 5.9% rise to 11% to rise again, this gives us dollar brought huge impact. (3) the United States continued deficit payments. At the end of the second world war, the United States in the war by swell economic strength and other countries weakened by a war to Western Europe, opportunity, sweeping Japan and around the world, and make America's output goods payments continued with huge surplus, other countries large inflow of American gold reserves. Countries generally feel "waste" (selling $Shortage). As western European nations economic growth, export trade expansion, its international revenue generated by the deficit to surplus, the dollar and gold reserves increased. The United States as the external expansion and wars of aggression, by surplus to deficit payments, the U.S. capital outflows, form "of $Gult superfluous" (selling). This makes the dollar exchange rate inherit the huge impact and the pressure, appear constantly widened fluctuations. The collapse of the bretton woods system, is a foundation with gold that the single reserve currency system is not stable: single reserve currency countries in maintaining domestic equilibrium and need for the world, providing liquidity negotiated between the result of its choose will bring economic fluctuation; With gold this a single commodity as the foundation of system of global currency, although has the advantages of short-term stability, but in gold output growth lags behind economic development situation, will eventually for gold itself cannot stable and make monetary system toward chaos and collapse

❷ 求翻譯：tick value（金融期貨方面）

點值

怎樣計算點值
所有的外幣組對可以被分成3類，正向報價對(EURUSD, GBPUSD)，反向報價對(USDJPY, USDCHF)和交叉匯率(GBPCHF, EURJPY 等)。

對正向報價的外匯對來說，點值的計算按式子
[pip] = [lot size] × [tick size]
[lot size] - 每手的數量；[tick size] - 跳動點的數量，比如對EURUSD，它是0.0001。對於正向報價的貨幣來說，每個點的價值是不變的，不依賴於當前的報價。
例：
對於EURUSD，lot size 100000歐元，tick - 0.0001。[pip] = 100000 * 0.0001 = $10.00
對於反向報價的外匯對：
[pip] = [lot size] × [tick size] / [current quote]
[current quote] - 當前的報價。對於反向報價的貨幣來說，每個點的價值依賴於當前的報價。
例：
對於USDJPY，lot size是100000美元，tick - 0.01。報價為129.20，[pip] = 100000 * 0.01 / 129.20 = $7.74
對於交叉匯率：
[pip] = [lot size] × [tick size] × [base quote] / [current quote]
[base quote] - 基本外匯的當前報價。
例：
對於GBPCHF，lot size是62500英鎊，報價為2.3000， 基本外匯報價 GBPUSD 1.4550，點值為 62500 * 0.0001 * 1.4550 / 2.3000 = $3.95.

❸ 關於外匯期貨的英語翻譯

expiry cycle 期貨周期
delivery date 發貨日期

外匯期貨，又稱為貨幣期貨，是一種在最終交易日按照當時的匯率將一種貨幣兌換成另外一種貨幣的期貨合約。一般來說，兩種貨幣中的一種貨幣為美元，這種情況下，期貨價格將以「x美元每另一貨幣」的形式表現。一些貨幣的期貨價格的表示形式可能與對應的外匯現貨匯率的表示形式不同。

❹ 英文70年代早期怎麼說 書上有 in early 1970s 和 in early 1970s ，哪個對不懂的不要說，關繫到考試分

要加the，並且是in the early 1970s，其他都不對。
表示某年代的早期、中期和晚期，可以在定冠詞後，年代前添加 early，mid-，late ，例如：
in the early 1920's 在二十世紀二十年代早期
in the mid-1950's 在二十世紀五十年代中期

❺ 1970s用英語怎麼表達

1970s用英語表達：in the 1970s

年份後加s表示多少世紀多少年代，常用 in the XXXXs 表示，如 in the 1970s，表示二十世紀七十年代。前兩位表示世紀，要多一位數，後兩位數表示年代，如 in the 1640s，表示 十七世紀四十年代。

年代：用「定冠詞+（世紀百位進數+十位年代數）+s」表示

例：在二十世紀三十年代 寫作：in the 1930s

讀作：in the thirties of the twentieth century或 in the nineteen thirties

(5)金融期貨英文介紹翻譯1970擴展閱讀

英語年代的讀法：

1、沒有"0"的讀法，讀成兩個十位數

比如：1543，讀成「fifteen forty three」

2、只有一個「0」在個位，讀成兩個十位數

比如：1990，讀成「nineteen ninety」

3、只有一個「0」在十位，讀成：前面兩位當成十位數來讀，十位的零讀作「Oh」，個位直接讀

比如：1908，讀成「nineteen Oh eight」

4、只有一個「0」在百位，有兩種讀法，一種是繼續讀成兩個十位數，另一種是讀成「... thousand and ...」

比如：2018可以讀成：「twenty eighteen」或者「two thousand and eighteen」

5、兩個「0」在結尾，把前面兩個數字讀成十位數，後面加上hundred

比如：1900 nineteen hundred

6、兩個「0」在中間，讀成：「... thousand and ...」

比如：2009 two thousand and nine

7、三個「0」結尾，讀成：「...thousand」

比如：2000 two thousand

❻ 用英文介紹貝爾法斯特的經濟

Economy of Belfast貝爾法斯特的經濟
Belfast was initially built on trade through Belfast Harbour. Later, instry contributed to its growth, particularly shipbuilding and linen. At the beginning of the 20th century Belfast was both the largest procer of linen in the world and also boasted the world's largest shipyard. civil unrest crippled the city's instry for many years but with the recent republican and loyalist ceasefires, and the St Andrews Agreement in 2006, the city's economy is thriving once again.
貝爾法斯特最初是建立在貝爾法斯特的港灣。後來,工業對其增長起到了很大的貢獻.尤其是船舶和亞麻行業。在20世紀初,貝爾法斯特即是世界上最大的亞麻生產商,又是世界上最大的船舶港口。民事的動盪重創了城市行業很多年,但最近的共和黨和親信停火,和2006聖安德魯斯協議的簽訂,這個城市的經濟又一次回復了繁榮.

History of the economy 貝爾法斯特經濟歷史
When the population of Belfast town began to grow in the seventeenth century, its economy was built on commerce.[3] It provided a market for the surrounding countryside and the natural inlet of Belfast Lough gave the city its own port. The port supplied an avenue for trade with the mainland and later Europe and North America. In the mid-seventeenth century, Belfast exported beef, butter, hides, tallow and corn and it imported coal, cloth, wine, brandy, paper, timber and tobacco.[3] Around this time, the linen trade in Northern Ireland blossomed and by the middle of the eighteenth century, one fifth of all the linen exported from Ireland was shipped from Belfast.[3]. The present city however is a proct of the Instrial Revolution.[4] It was not until instry transformed the linen and shipbuilding trades that the economy and the population boomed. By the turn of the nineteenth century, Belfast had transformed into the largest linen procing centre in the world[1], earning the nickname "Linenopolis".
當小鎮的人口開始增長在十七世紀的時候,它是建立在經濟貿易。它提供了對周圍的村莊和天然的進口的市場,根據自己城市的港口.這個港口不僅提供了與中國大陸的貿易,由來又有和歐洲和北美的貿易。在十七世紀中葉,貝爾法斯特出口牛肉、黃油、皮革、牛油、玉米和它進口煤炭、布料、酒、白蘭地、造紙、木材、煙草。在這個時候,麻貿易在北愛爾蘭蓬勃發展.在18世紀,五分之一的愛爾蘭亞麻布從貝爾法斯特出口。現在的城市是一個工業革命的產物。經濟和人口得到蓬勃發展是從產業轉變成麻、造船行業之後。到在十九世紀,貝爾法斯特已轉變成了一個最大的亞麻生產中心,並在在世界上取得了 Linenopolis」的稱號。

Belfast harbour was dredged in 1845 to provide deeper berths for larger ships. Donegall Quay was built out into the river as the harbour was developed further and trade flourished.[5] The Harland and Wolff shipbuilding firm was created in 1861 and by the time the Titanic was built in Belfast in 1912, they boasted the largest shipyard in the world.[2]
貝爾法斯特港口在1845年竣工,它提供了一個更大的船舶停泊泊位.Donegall 碼頭在原有的基礎上擴建,其促進了貿易的進一步的發展. 哈蘭德和沃爾夫造船公司成立於1861年.在1912年,泰坦尼克在貝爾斯特建造,因此引以為榮的成為了世界上最大的船廠.
The rise of mass-proced and cotton clothing following World War I were some of the factors which led to the decline of Belfast's international linen trade.[1] Like many British cities dependent on traditional heavy instry, Belfast suffered serious decline since the 1960s, exacerbated greatly in the 1970s and 1980s by the civil unrest of The Troubles. More than 100,000 manufacturing jobs have been lost since the 1970s.[6]. For several decades, Northern Ireland's fragile economy required significant public support from the British exchequer of up to GB£4 billion per year.[6] Ongoing sectarian violence made it difficult for Belfast to compete with Ireland's Celtic Tiger economy, with Dublin procing some 70bn Euro GDP annually.
一次世界大戰對於大量棉麻衣服的上升等因素導致了貝爾法斯特國際棉麻貿易的減少.像大多數英國城市一樣,由於依靠貿易工業的影響,貝爾發斯特從1960年後遭受了嚴重的重創,並且加重了北愛爾蘭的民族沖突.從1970年後,超過10萬人在生產工業失業. 幾十年來,北愛爾蘭的脆弱的經濟需要從英國財政部下劃約每年 40億英鎊的支助。

Current economy 現在經濟
However, the IRA Ceasefire in 1995 and the signing of the Good Friday Agreement in 1998 have given investors increased confidence to invest in Belfast. This has led to a period of sustained economic growth and large-scale redevelopment of the city centre. New developments include Victoria Square, the Cathedral Quarter, and the Laganside with the new Odyssey complex and the landmark Waterfront Hall.
在1995,英格蘭共和軍停火和1998年簽署的貝爾法斯特和平協議增加了投資者對貝爾法斯特投資的信心.這些因素導致了貝爾法斯特城市大規模且持續的發展.這些新的發展包括維多利亞廣場,蘭更曬特大教堂與新奧德賽那些復雜而又具有里程碑意義的海濱大廳。
Two other major developments will see the regeneration of the Titanic Quarter, and the erection the Obel Tower, a skyscraper set to be the tallest tower on the island until eclipsed by the U2 Tower in Dublin.[7] In 2007, Belfast's launched its vision for a World Trade Centre (currently a 'virtual' centre but with plans to become a physical building) which aims to promote the city to the international business market.
另外兩個主要的發展會看到再生的泰坦尼克地區的重建,和ObeL塔的安裝,一座摩天大樓是最高的大廈在島上的U2塔直到黯然失色。在都柏林,2007年貝爾法斯特的推出了世界貿易中心旨在促進城市的國際商業市場.
Today, Belfast is Northern Ireland's ecational and commercial hub. It is now in the top five fastest growing regional economies in the UK. In February 2006, Belfast's unemployment rate stood at 4.2%, lower than both the Northern Ireland and the UK average of 5.5%. Over the past 10 years employment has grown by 16.4 per cent, compared with 9.2 per cent for the UK as a whole.
今天,貝爾法斯特為北愛爾蘭的教育和商業中心。是英國排在前五名的區域經濟增長最快的城市。在2006年2月,貝爾法斯特的失業率為4.2%,低於北愛爾蘭和英國的5.5%的失業率.在過去10年,就業率增長了16.4%,而英國總體的就業率僅為9.2%.
Northern Ireland's peace dividend has also led to soaring property prices in the city. In 2006, Belfast saw house prices grow by 43%, the fastest rate of growth in the UK. In March 2007, the average house in Belfast cost GB£191,819, with the average in South Belfast being GB£241,000. In 2004, Belfast had the lowest owner occupation rate in Northern Ireland at 54%.
北愛爾蘭和平紅利還導致在這座城市裡房地長的飆升。在2006年,貝爾法斯特房價增長了43%,是英國最快的增長率。在2007年3月,平均花費在貝爾法斯特為191,819英鎊,南部貝爾法斯特的平均花費為241,000英鎊。在2004年,貝爾法斯特在北愛爾蘭有著最低的職業失業率.

❼ 高分求金融期貨相關的翻譯啊

EMIR根據體積的非對沖衍生品交易識別兩大類的非金融交易對手（計算基於總名義值的位置），分局他們是否超過閾值的EMIR結算商品是30億，而需要注意的是,你的容積資金對清算閾值必須聚合所有全球的「國家食品消費調查」的活動在同一系數值內。
（1）當「NFC +」或「高於閾值」超過閾值在任何非套期保值衍生物類,您必須立即通知埃斯瑪和你的主管機關。因此,你應該規定給您所有的NFC +衍生品合約中的任何種類。
（2）「NFC——」或「低於閾值的「監管機構已經定義了一個清算閾值的每個類衍生物和你的分類取決於這些閾值。如果你不超過閾值在任何非套期保值類衍生品,則是分類NFC。

❽ 求關於金融工具的英文介紹

金融工具類型

長期債(一年以上): 證券類(securities)=債券(bonds)
其他現金類=貸款(loans)
交易所交易的金融衍生品類=債券期貨（bonds futures）
債券期貨選擇權（option on bonds futures）
櫃台金融衍生品類=Interest rate swap
Interest rate cap and floors
Interest rate option
Exotic instrument

短期債(一年以下): 證券類(securities)=鈔票(bills,CommercialPaper)
其他現金類=存款, 定存（CD)
交易所交易的金融衍生品類=短期利率期貨（short term interest rate Futures)
櫃台金融衍生品類=Forward rate agreement

所有權（equity）: 證券類(securities)=股票(stock)
其他現金類=無
交易所交易的金融衍生品類=股票選擇權（stock option）
期貨(equity futures)
櫃台金融衍生品類=Stock options
Exotic instruments

外匯交易: 證券類(securities)=無
其他現金類=無
交易所交易的金融衍生品類=Spot foreign exchange
外匯期貨Currency futures
櫃台金融衍生品類=Foreign exchange options
Outright forward
Foreign exchange swap
Currency swap

❾ 翻譯一段金融類文字，中譯英

Finance derive from the implement is a world hot spot topic of conversation that financial market and finance enterprise show solicitude for currently commonly at home and abroad. 1970's, happens with the fact that the Bretton Woods system disassembly composes in reply a world oil crisis's, macro-economy environment change , origin using banking institution manage the pattern and business kind lose a marketplace , have created the new business developing the chance and gigantic space for development for them at the same time. Finance derive from the implement has relieved self in this marketplace coming into being under avoiding meeting dangerous need. Now, finance derive from the implement already develops maturity in capital financial market , therefore, the finance implement how to draw the developed market economics country studies and carries out exploration achievement, have very important significance right away.
題目翻譯如下
"The tray talks about a finance derive from development of implement and risk administration "。

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